1. 研究目的与意义（文献综述包含参考文献）
文 献 综 述1. Introduction1.1 Research backgroundFilm and television works are cultural carriers with the most contemporary characteristics. Their expressions, artistic language and cultural heritage all reflect the strong characteristics of the times, reflecting various trends of thought in contemporary society and differences between cultures. The rise of online media has provided people with a more convenient way for leisure and entertainment, and also stimulated peoples enthusiasm for online learning. However, mistakes in subtitle translation of film and television works are not uncommon, which may have a negative impact on the audiences perception of plots and language learning. This requires higher standards of translation from subtitle translators.Hu (2001) proposes the concept of ecotranslatology at the 3rd FIT Asian Translators Forum. He elaborates on the feasibility of applying Darwins Natural Selection Theory to translation studies, and then puts forward a preliminary idea of establishing a theory of translation as adaption and selection (Hu, 2003). As an interdisciplinary translation theory, it incorporates the concept of harmony in traditional Chinese culture. Since its inception, this concept has attracted the attention and recognition of many scholars. In the decades of its development, its concept has been continuously researched and developed. The systematic theory of ecotranslatology undoubtedly provides us with a brand new research perspective on the practical application of translation. Game of Thrones is an American fantasy drama television series produced and launched by HBO. The TV series is adapted from the fantasy novel A Song of Ice and Fire series by American writer George R.R. Martin. Its meticulous production has won major awards as well as recognition of fans of original stories around the world. But at the same time, with many English learners and original lovers as the target audience, it is more required that the subtitle group be able to accurately translate to convey the original emotions and meanings. Since the broadcast of Game of Thrones, the Wardrobe subtitle group has been committed to providing Chinese audiences with a better viewing experience before it was officially launched on major platforms and the machine translation version was riddled with errors and omissions. In this thesis, the author will study the English-Chinese subtitle translation of Game of Thrones from the perspective of ecotranslatology.1.2 Research purposesThe rise of online platforms has certainly provided people with a more convenient way for entertainment and learning. Compared with traditional ways of entertainment, people are more and more accustomed to leisure on online platforms. As for learning, it is no denying that language learners prefer to gain some knowledge while being entertained rather than to acquire relative boring knowledge from books, and watching films or TV series undoubtedly meets this demand. But under the influence of cultural differences, the audience cannot understand all the plots on their own without subtitles. Therefore, qualified subtitles are of great significance to film and television works, which directly affect the audiences understanding of plots, the grasp of subtle emotions and the perception of connotations. However, the fact is that subtitle translation is often unsatisfactory to the audience. The underlying reason is most likely that the subtitle group does not have a clear theoretical guide when translating subtitles.As an emerging translation concept, ecotranslatology has been continuously injected with vitality with the increase in the number of researches and the deepening of its content in recent years. In todays rapid progress of material civilization, the destruction of ecology caused by humanity is in turn increasingly endangering humanity. As the country calls for the construction of an eco-friendly modern society, all disciplines should actively respond, and creatively and rationally integrate ecological concepts into themselves. Under the influence of this constructive thinking, ecotranslatology can not only provide new ideas for the communication between different languages, but also serve as a bridge for the communication between two civilizations.Selecting the subtitle translation version of Wardrobe translating group, this thesis aims to investigate its translation strategy from the perspective of three-dimensional transformation in ecotranslatology and to make some comparisons with other versions of subtitles. In addition, the thesis intends to further explore whether it is feasible to use ecotranslatology as the guiding theory for the translation of subtitles from English into Chinese.2. Literature reviewBefore ecotranslatology is formally proposed, scholars in various fields integrate ecology and other disciplines into a brand new discipline. For instance, Norwegian ecological philosopher Arlen Ness (1973: 95) proposes the theory of Deep Ecology, which introduces ecology into the field of philosophy and ethics, and puts forward important ecological philosophy concepts such as ecological self, ecological equality and ecological symbiosis; Kerridge and Sammells (1998) hold the view that environmentalism has transcended the boundaries of science, geography, and social sciences and entered the humanistic field. These theories have undoubtedly provided good examples for the integration of ecology and translation studies. With a global perspective and innovative references to excellent traditional Chinese culture, ecotranslatology studies have gradually emerged.As Hu (2001) presents his paper An Initial Exploration into An Approach to Translation as Adaptation and Selection at the third Asian Translators' Forum of the International Federation of Translators, ecotranslatology has come into public view. This paper redefines translation from the perspective of adaptation and selection, expounds the relationship between translator adaptation and translator selection, and gives a new description of the process, principles and methods of translation from the perspective of adaptation and selection, thus forming the basic framework of the theory.In view of the lack of research on adaptation, selection and interrelationships, Hu (2003) tries for the first time to broaden translation studies by introducing the concept of ecological environment. In later researches, he continues to improve the theoretical research and elaborates (Hu, 2011: 5) on the nine research foci and the theoretical tenets that guide its practice, which are the ecological paradigm of translation, the sequence chain, ecological rationality, doing things with translations, three-dimensional transformation, adaption and selection, translator-centered, translational eco-environment and post-event penalty. These research foci and the theoretical tenets provide frameworks and rich theoretical basis for subsequent researchers.It is widely recognized that ecotranslatology studies have been developing steadily, but how to continue its prosperity and continue to attract young scholars to join the ranks of research is still worthy of further consideration (Hu, 2020). According to CNKI, most researchers in recent years have focused on teaching research and text translation from the perspective of ecotranslatology. As to text translation, the Chinese-English translation of Chinese films, literature and propaganda text occupies a large part of researches. For instance, Han (2021) studies the translation of Desert Rites from the perspective of three-dimensional transformations; Jin (2021) studies the consecutive interpreting strategies for press conferences from the perspective of ecotranslatology. Compared with the translation of static texts such as literary works, advertising slogans, and culture-loaded words, the dynamic subtitle translation of film and TV series has its own characteristics. Subtitle groups should not only consider the accuracy and appropriateness of translation, but also take into account the short time of appearance and limited space of subtitle presentation. Research on subtitle translation has been carried out in an increasingly in-depth way.Li (2001) analyzes the characteristics of subtitle translation and the corresponding translation strategies from three aspects: time and space restriction, information function and cultural factors.Li and Bo (2005) deems that subtitle translation, governed by linguistic and textual norms, should seek invisibility of subtitling as the ultimate goal.Zhao (2005) discusses how to use appropriate translation strategies to avoid losses and redundancy of information caused by different cultural connotations under the constraints of time and space, and how to successfully achieve cultural transformation in translation, and create subtitle text welcomed by the audience.Cao (2017) analyzes and sorts out the venation of subtitle research at home and abroad. In addition, the author indicates that the social and cultural functions of online subtitle translation need to be further explored.This thesis, taking the American TV series Game of Thrones as a case, studies the translation strategy of subtitles from the perspective of ecotranslatology. The author chooses the translated version of the Wardrobe subtitle group to analyze its feasibility from the perspective of ecotranslatology theory and the desirable strategies when translating subtitles.ReferencesHu, G. S. (2003). Translation as adaptation and selection. Perspective: Studies in translatology, 4, 283291.Hu, G. S. (2020). Implications for translation studies and the Road Map for further development. Springer, 11, 257-261.Kerridge, R., Sammells, N. (1998). Writing the environment: ecocriticism and literature. Interdisciplinary studies in literature and environment, 7, 223-224.Naess, A. (1973).The shallow and the deep, long-range ecology movement: A summary. Inquiry, 16, 95-100.曹艺馨（2017），网络时代字幕翻译研究方法：现状、反思与展望，《上海翻译》，2017（05）：27-31。
胡庚申（2001），翻译适应选择论初探。
国际译联第三届亚洲翻译家论坛论文，2001年9月，香港。
2. 研究的基本内容、问题解决措施及方案
1. Why does the version of subtitle translation of the Wardrobe subtitles group stand out among the various versions？2. What is the translation strategy of the Wardrobe subtitles group from the perspective of three-dimensional transformation in ecotranslatology?3. How to conduct subtitle translation under the guidance of ecotranslatology?Research method: literature method
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